房屋建筑工程施工现场环境保护以及节能降耗控制措施研究

房屋建筑施工阶段是建筑工程中最为重要的阶段,也是资源消耗和环境污染的集中阶段。房屋建筑施工造成的环境污染主要来源于:施工中的固体垃圾、液体垃圾和气体垃圾,且在施工现场,相关人员节能降耗意识薄弱,对于施工中存在的资源浪费现象经常会忽视。基于此,给出了如下措施:加强施工过程的监控,合理排放施工现场的污水和固体废弃物;提高水的利用率,并在施工过程中,通过节水工艺对路面进行喷洒;合理排放施工过程产生的污水,对含有化学品、油漆的建筑材料要实施防渗漏措施;设置封闭式垃圾容器,利用袋装化形式将施工垃圾带出施工现场;倡导绿色施工。     

感潮河段污水处理厂尾水对受纳水体的水质影响研究

感潮河段污水处理厂尾水排放对受纳水体产生一定影响,利用二维水动力水质耦合模型,以COD、NH3-N、TP为污染因子,分别以正常排放和事故排放两种条件,模拟江苏南部某污水处理厂尾水排放,分析江段大小潮时污染物浓度增量情况。实验结果表明:正常排放,尾水对排放口附近江段保护区水质影响小;事故排放,尾水对保护区水质无影响,但长江水体影响范围增大,沿岸污染物浓度增高,且小潮周期影响作用强于大潮周期,污水处理厂应加强管理,尤其在小潮时应避免污水事故排放。     

环境污染防治在建筑工程管理施工中的作用分析与研究

建筑活动是破坏环境资源、污染环境的主要活动之一,如何有效达到施工环境污染防治的目标已经逐渐成为社会关注的焦点话题。为有效防治施工环境污染,文中首先对典型施工环境污染的主要来源进行分析,然后提出施工环境污染防治目标的动态控制流程,并从设置动态控制目标、重视主动控制、多方面釆取有效措施方面对目标的动态控制进行分析。通过对施工环境目标的动态控制分析,使动态控制原理在项目环境管理领域有效运用,降低了建筑施工对环境的污染。     

等离子体处理的时效性对芳Ⅲ/双马复合材料耐湿热性能的影响

目的考察等离子体处理前后及其时效性对芳Ⅲ/双马复合材料弯曲强度、界面性能及耐湿热性能的影响。方法用低温射频耦合等离子体处理芳纶纤维表面,分别将未处理的、等离子体刚处理过的和等离子体处理后在空气中放置三天后的纤维通过溶液预浸渍工艺制备芳Ⅲ/双马复合材料预浸料,再经过高温模压成形技术制备芳Ⅲ/双马复合材料单向板。采用万能材料试验机对水煮前后复合材料的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度进行测试,利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料层间剪切破坏形貌进行观察。结果等离子体处理后,复合材料的吸水率由未处理时的0.51%下降到0.33%,复合材料层间剪切强度由49.4 MPa提高到62.9 MPa。等离子体处理时效后复合材料的吸水率增加到0.69%,复合材料的层间剪切强度下降到56.0 MPa。结论等离子体处理提高了复合材料界面性能,但等离子体处理的时效后,复合材料的界面性能及其耐湿热性能有所下降。等离子体处理及时效性对复合材料的弯曲强度和耐湿热性能变化不大。     

吉林省秸秆打包减排及综合利用分析研究

为量化秸秆打包政策对防控大气污染的影响,基于吉林省2016年秸秆产量、秸秆打包地亩数、卫星火点数据以及大气污染物浓度的变化,对吉林省秸秆打包产生的大气环境及社会经济效益进行了分析,结果表明:1)吉林省打包秸秆量为220.36×10~4t,约占秸秆年产量的5.5%,假如全部加工成生物质颗粒燃料,2016年至少减少14.54×10~4t污染物排放;2)吉林省秸秆打包政策执行以来,秸秆露天燃烧量及秸秆燃烧主要月份的卫星火点数显著下降;3)随着露天燃烧量的减少,区域大气颗粒物浓度降低,空气质量改善。秸秆燃烧主要月份的PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度从2014年的104.5μg·m~(-3)、164μg·m~(-3)分别下降到2016年的48.5μg·m~(-3)、69·μg·m~(-3)。研究结果可为吉林省有效减少污染物排放、综合利用农作物秸秆、改善大气环境质量等提供科技支撑。     

阳极溶出伏安法、石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中总铬的方法比较研究

铬是海洋水体中的痕量重金属之一,海水的高盐基体对铬的测定有严重的干扰,而且海水中同时存在Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ),两种不同价态给测定也带来了一定难度。文章从Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化率、方法检出限、精密度、实际样品加标等方面对过氧化氢氧化-阳极溶出伏安法与传统的MIBK萃取-无火焰原子吸收分光光度法进行了比较研究,发现两种方法在测试结果上无显著差异,但是过氧化氢氧化-阳极溶出伏安法具有更高的精密度,更低的检出限,且对Cr(Ⅲ)的回收率略有提升。     

关于高校绿色教育环境下中华传统体育文化探讨

针对高校绿色教育环境下中华传统体育文化的探讨问题,给出了高校绿色教育的基本理论,包括高校绿色教育的概念,高校绿色教育的特点,包括高校绿色教育的生命性、高校绿色教育的生活性、高校绿色教育的人文性和高校绿色教育的内容与实践,探讨了高校绿色教育环境与中华传统体育文化的发展,包括高校绿色教育环境与中华传统体育文化的价值、高校绿色教育环境与中华传统体育文化的发展,最后,对高校绿色教育环境与中华传统体育文化的互动进行了说明。     

Population structure and sex-change in the coral-inhabiting snailCoralliophila violacea at Hsiao-Liuchiu,Taiwan

Surveys of the coral-inhabiting snailCoralliophila violacea (Lamarck) (=C. neritoidea Kiener) were made on shallow fringing reefs (<8 m deep) around Hsiao-Liuchiu, Taiwan, between July and October 1990. The snails were aggregated into patches on the surface of massive poritid coral colonies. Coral colonies >40 cm in diameter were more likely to bear patches of snails than smaller colonies, and also to have more snails. The coralliophilids ranged from 5 to 30 mm in aperture length. The sex ratio of the population was biased toward males (539:279), with only a few small individuals of indistinguishable sex. Snails between 6 and 10 mm were all males, while most snails with aperture lengths 20 mm were females. Judging from the distinct size ranges of males and females within patches and from the observed degeneration of the penis, the snails may have changed sex from male to female with increasing size. Sex-change may occur across a wide size range (10 to 20 mm). The correlation of smallest female size and largest male size among patches indicates that snail size at sex-change is peculiar to each individual patch. Those females in patches with a single female (but many males) were significantly smaller than females in multiple-female patches. It is likely that in the absence of females males change sex at a smaller size, whereas in the presence of large females males delay sexchange until they have reached a larger size. The plasticity of size at sex-change may be adaptive and a result of natural selection at the individual level.     

锅炉环境影响评价系统软件研究

用Ｃ语言作为开发语言，研制开发了锅炉环境影响评价系统软件，软件充分利用Ｃ语言模块化，过程化的优点，源程序由１２个模块组成。经编译连接生成一个可执行程序，用户只需输入１５个必需的原始参数，软件即可自动查询，计算大量的中间参数，并立即给出污染源强及污染物在周围环境中分布的预测和评价结果。     

Suggested protocol for collecting, handling and preparing peat cores and peat samples for physical, chemical, mineralogical and isotopic analyses

For detailed reconstructions of atmospheric metal deposition using peat cores from bogs, a comprehensive protocol for working with peat cores is proposed. The first step is to locate and determine suitable sampling sites in accordance with the principal goal of the study, the period of time of interest and the precision required. Using the state of the art procedures and field equipment, peat cores are collected in such a way as to provide high quality records for paleoenvironmental study. Pertinent field observations gathered during the fieldwork are recorded in a field report. Cores are kept frozen at -18 degree C until they can be prepared in the laboratory. Frozen peat cores are precisely cut into 1 cm slices using a stainless steel band saw with stainless steel blades. The outside edges of each slice are removed using a titanium knife to avoid any possible contamination which might have occurred during the sampling and handling stage. Each slice is split, with one-half kept frozen for future studies (archived), and the other half further subdivided for physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses. Physical parameters such as ash and water contents, the bulk density and the degree of decomposition of the peat are determined using established methods. A subsample is dried overnight at 105 degree C in a drying oven and milled in a centrifugal mill with titanium sieve. Prior to any expensive and time consuming chemical procedures and analyses, the resulting powdered samples, after manual homogenisation, are measured for more than twenty-two major and trace elements using non-destructive X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) methods. This approach provides lots of valuable geochemical data which documents the natural geochemical processes which occur in the peat profiles and their possible effect on the trace metal profiles. The development, evaluation and use of peat cores from bogs as archives of high-resolution records of atmospheric deposition of mineral dust and trace elements have led to the development of many analytical procedures which now permit the measurement of a wide range of elements in peat samples such as lead and lead isotope ratios, mercury, arsenic, antimony, silver, molybdenum, thorium, uranium, rare earth elements. Radiometric methods (the carbon bomb pulse of (14)C, (210)Pb and conventional (14)C dating) are combined to allow reliable age-depth models to be reconstructed for each peat profile.